標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)出爐促(cu)進(jin)(jin)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，推(tui)廣落地痛點猶存標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系日(ri)(ri)臻完(wan)善，項目(mu)開展有(you)據可(ke)依。目(mu)前，國內與(yu)BIPV相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要包括國家(jia)、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和地方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。根據標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的適用(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍不(bu)同(tong)，主要分(fen)為工程(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和產(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)兩類。從標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的發布進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)(lai)看(kan)，2018年(nian)以(yi)前只有(you)部分(fen)地區有(you)地方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)可(ke)以(yi)參考，近兩年(nian)國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)逐(zhu)漸豐富，體(ti)系逐(zhu)漸完(wan)善；從標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的類型來(lai)(lai)看(kan)，現(xian)有(you)的國家(jia)/行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)側(ce)重于建(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組件(jian)/光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電系統等產(chan)品(pin)，關(guan)(guan)于工程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計的相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)較(jiao)少；從標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的內容來(lai)(lai)看(kan)，光(guang)(guang)電建(jian)筑(zhu)中電氣、結(jie)構、保溫等內容已有(you)覆(fu)蓋，但缺少防火等安(an)全性(xing)能的指標(biao)與(yu)測試方(fang)法。2020年(nian)10月，中國光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化技(ji)術委員會(hui)BIPV標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工作組正式成立，加快了針對BIPV的國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系的建(jian)設(she)(she)，已有(you)《民用(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)架空隔熱屋(wu)頂應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》和《金(jin)屬屋(wu)面(mian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)建(jian)筑(zhu)一(yi)體(ti)（BIPV）產(chan)品(pin)抗風揭試驗方(fang)法》兩部新規(gui)范(fan)(fan)的起草被(bei)提上日(ri)(ri)程(cheng)(cheng)。未來(lai)(lai)將逐(zhu)步(bu)形成以(yi)國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為主，其他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和地方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)配合的體(ti)系，為BIPV的產(chan)品(pin)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)工程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計保駕護(hu)航。進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善公司在綠色(se)建(jian)筑(zhu) 方(fang)面(mian)的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)布局。上海太陽能發電建(jian)材

基(ji)于(yu)(yu)弱(ruo)光(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)、色彩多樣性(xing)(xing)、透(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)及整(zheng)體(ti)經(jing)濟性(xing)(xing)，薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)更(geng)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu) BIPV 市(shi)場：透(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)高。晶硅電(dian)池(chi)(chi)透(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)較(jiao)低，改善(shan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件透(tou)光(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)過降(jiang)低電(dian)池(chi)(chi)片排布密度，但需(xu)(xu)(xu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件功(gong)率(lv)；薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)透(tou)光(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)更(geng)好，可(ke)根據建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑采(cai)光(guang)(guang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求制作(zuo)出不同透(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)的(de)(de)BIPV組(zu)(zu)(zu)件。（5）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施工難(nan)度與(yu)成本(ben)低：屋(wu)頂自(zi)重(zhong)越大(da)，屋(wu)頂支撐(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)要求越高，則(ze)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑支撐(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造難(nan)度與(yu)成本(ben)也越高。薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)因自(zi)身工藝原因重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)于(yu)(yu)晶硅電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使用(yong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)BIPV組(zu)(zu)(zu)件建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造屋(wu)頂時施工難(nan)度和(he)成本(ben)都會下(xia)降(jiang)。此外，在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑幕墻(qiang)領(ling)域，薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)BIPV組(zu)(zu)(zu)件對鋼支撐(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)要求和(he)成本(ben)明顯(xian)低于(yu)(yu)晶硅組(zu)(zu)(zu)件。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑節能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準出臺，有(you)望帶動(dong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)放量(liang)。2021年3月1日，住(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部印發(fa)《“十四五”建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑節能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)通(tong)知》，要求到(dao)2025年，全國新增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)50GW以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑應用(yong)面(mian)積(ji)1億平(ping)方(fang)米以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，城鎮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源替代率(lv)達到(dao)8%，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗中(zhong)電(dian)力(li)消費比例超過55%。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢是由地面(mian)到(dao)屋(wu)頂，到(dao)墻(qiang)面(mian)，未(wei)來隨著新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑屋(wu)頂光(guang)(guang)伏面(mian)積(ji)逐漸飽和(he)，可(ke)安裝(zhuang)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)趨于(yu)(yu)緊缺(que)，立(li)面(mian)BIPV應用(yong)有(you)望快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，帶動(dong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求放量(liang)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材批發(fa)固定支架憑借出色的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及較(jiao)低的(de)(de)前期(qi)投資成本(ben)，在光(guang)(guang)伏支架市(shi)場占(zhan)據較(jiao)大(da)份(fen)額，是目前主流(liu)類型(xing)。

光伏建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)實現“雙(shuang)碳”目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要路徑(jing)。2018 年(nian)我國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)能耗(hao)總量為(wei)(wei) 21.47 億 tce，占全(quan)國能量總耗(hao)的(de)(de) 46.5%， 建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)碳排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)總量為(wei)(wei) 49.3 億噸，占全(quan)國碳排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)總量的(de)(de) 51.3%。基(ji)準情景(jing) 下(xia)預計建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)部門碳達峰時間為(wei)(wei) 2040 年(nian)，落后于目(mu)標(biao) 10 年(nian)，到 2060 年(nian)仍將(jiang)產生 15 億噸 碳排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)量，難以實現中(zhong)和目(mu)標(biao)，因此(ci)節能減排(pai)(pai)(pai)刻不容緩(huan)。從情景(jing)分析結(jie)果來看，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自產 能是實現建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)部門碳排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)和能耗(hao) 2030 年(nian)達峰目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)必(bi)要條件，提(ti)(ti)高建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自產能規模是必(bi) 然趨勢，這就需要增加可再生能源的(de)(de)利用。光伏產業(ye)近十年(nian)來技(ji)術不斷(duan)進步(bu)，成本(ben)持續下(xia) 降，為(wei)(wei)光電建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)用打下(xia)基(ji)礎(chu)。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)光伏一體(ti)化提(ti)(ti)供了建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產能的(de)(de)比較好(hao)路線(xian)，成為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實 現碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和的(de)(de)重(zhong)要途徑(jing)。

行業(ye)融(rong)合難，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑與(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)互(hu)相割裂。當前光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)產品(pin)(pin)大(da)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)針對地面光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電站(zhan)的要求(qiu)而 設計生(sheng)產的，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)企業(ye)在進行 BIPV 產品(pin)(pin)研發制造(zao)時，往往是(shi)*對常規光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)產品(pin)(pin)進行建(jian)(jian)(jian)材 化、構件化的改造(zao)，并未真正以一體(ti)化理(li)(li)念正向設計；而且，由于其在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑建(jian)(jian)(jian)材性能方面 缺(que)乏經驗，考慮不(bu)足(zu)，產品(pin)(pin)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)材層面質量(liang)不(bu)過關，難以滿足(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防火、防水、耐候等要 求(qiu)。而建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑行業(ye)與(yu)大(da)多(duo)(duo)數外界(jie)人士(shi)一樣，對高(gao)速增長的光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)行業(ye)缺(que)乏深刻的理(li)(li)解(jie)，并且受產業(ye)背(bei)景差異的影響(xiang)，二者融(rong)合存在較大(da)挑戰(zhan)。光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)支架是(shi)支撐光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)組(zu)件的“骨骼”。

建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)光伏分(fen)為增量(liang)市場、存(cun)量(liang)市場，BAPV和BIPV側重各不相(xiang)同。BAPV主要應用于存(cun)量(liang)改造(zao)：1）容易(yi)審批(pi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改造(zao)需(xu)要經(jing)(jing)相(xiang)關部(bu)門批(pi)準，不改變原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)(di)審批(pi)難度(du)；2）性(xing)價比(bi)高(gao)，既有(you)屋面保養良好(hao)的(de)情況(kuang)下，經(jing)(jing)過簡單處理即可(ke)加(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)光伏支架；3）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)周期(qi)短，不需(xu)要拆除原(yuan)有(you)屋頂(ding)，減少施工(gong)時間；4）減少對原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)破壞，重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)屋頂(ding)容易(yi)損壞部(bu)分(fen)老舊建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，架設(she)(she)支架可(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)變化程度(du)。BIPV更適合(he)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)：1）便于驗收(shou)，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)需(xu)滿足建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)強(qiang)制標準，一(yi)體化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)便于驗收(shou)；2）投資較低(di)(di)，BIPV一(yi)次成(cheng)型，無需(xu)后期(qi)改造(zao)；3）施工(gong)精(jing)度(du)高(gao)，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)由設(she)(she)計(ji)院統一(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)，對建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)要求明(ming)確，可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)(di)后期(qi)事故(gu)隱患；4）增大光伏裝機容量(liang)，屋頂(ding)、立面均可(ke)設(she)(she)計(ji)采(cai)用BIPV，增加(jia)(jia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節能效果；5）設(she)(she)計(ji)一(yi)致性(xing)強(qiang)，提升建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)美觀程度(du)。跟蹤支架在總系統成(cheng)本中占比(bi)達到12.98%，占比(bi)次于組件成(cheng)本和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)安費用。貴州光伏建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材廠家

采用跟蹤支(zhi)架(jia)的電(dian)站需要增加一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的前(qian)期投(tou)資成(cheng)本(ben)，并需要承擔一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的裝置運行風險及后期維護成(cheng)本(ben)。上海太陽能發電(dian)建材

BIPV 尚處(chu)于(yu)起步階段，中國(guo)為(wei)全球(qiu)主(zhu)要(yao)市場(chang)。由于(yu)商業模式、應(ying)用方式多元復雜， 尚未有**機(ji)(ji)構發布對全球(qiu) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模的單獨統(tong)計數據(ju)。據(ju) IEA-PVPS 估(gu)算，目前(qian)歐 洲(zhou) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約為(wei) 200-300MW/年(nian)，全球(qiu) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約為(wei) 1GW/年(nian)。2020 年(nian)全球(qiu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu) 新(xin)增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約 130GW，即 BIPV 在全球(qiu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)市場(chang)中所占(zhan)份額(e)不足 1%。根據(ju)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)建筑專委 會對主(zhu)要(yao)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)建筑產品生產企業**的統(tong)計，2020年(nian)國(guo)內市場(chang)前(qian)六大企業 BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji) 總量(liang)為(wei) 709MW，占(zhan)全球(qiu) BIPV 市場(chang)的 70%左右。金貝(bei)能(neng)源(yuan)上海太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)建材

BIPV三大應用(yong)(yong)場景(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)：戶用(yong)(yong)BIPV，浙江金貝(bei)能(neng)(neng)源科技有限公司獨有的專屬主要產(chan)品，就(jiu)是(shi)戶用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)材型光伏(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)一(yi)體化(hua)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)，它采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了構件疊瓦式的屋(wu)面發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)技術，打造出一(yi)種獨特(te)的戶用(yong)(yong)光伏(fu)屋(wu)頂(ding)。這樣的產(chan)品具有A級防火、色彩與建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)高度適配、優異防水性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、高效發(fa)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)力、經濟實(shi)惠的系統(tong)(tong)造價、易于安裝維護等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。這些產(chan)品的應用(yong)(yong)領域非常之(zhi)寬泛，包括：新(xin)房建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、舊房改造、示范工程，并且也適用(yong)(yong)于別墅、公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、新(xin)農村建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)等(deng)。